When all steps are passed, then the whole scenario is considered passed. It is a port of pytest-allure-adaptor for nose framework. Option "--not-clear-logdir" is useful with option "--processes" to prevent cleaning of logdr at the end of testing.
You can provide test environment parameters such as report name, browser or test server address to allure test report. You can use Maven for that. Copy ready-to-use pom. To serve them via localhost use:. Otherwise choose one of the other ways to generate HTML. This adapter provides a set of methods that can be called from the global Jasmine2AllureReporter object.
It wraps common allure JS adapter and provides access to basic Allure features implemented there. In order to add a detailed description for a test you should call a setDescription description method where description is your string argument.
You can specify a severity attribute for a test via severity severity method where severity argument can hold one of the following pre-defined values:. In some development approaches tests are classified by stories and features.
Steps are needed to specify actions that constitute a testing scenario. Steps are named, they can create attachments and can be used in different testing scenarios. You can add a step via createStep name, stepFunc method, where.
You can add an attachment for one of the steps via createAttachment name, content, type method here. In order to add information about test method parameters you should use one of the methods:. Currently attachments are added to the test case instead of the current step.
This needs to be fixed in allure-js-commons. See the system tests to quickly check how the reporter works in real life:. If you want to cancel step or test, simply throw new Error with message 'Step cancelled' or 'Test cancelled'.
Otherwise choose one of other ways to generate HTML. To check protractor screenshot test install protractor and protractor-cucumber-framework and then run tests:. To check basic configuration run:. To check custom tags run:. Add allure into reporters section. By default, files save right in the base dir. With allure reporter you get some functions for provide additional info about tests.
All functions available as methods of the global allure object. Possible values enumerated as properties, eg. All securities by descending of their importance:. Returns wrapped function which reports about every step calling. Step function can be nested within one another. It is most powerful feature of allure, because it allow to write self-documented tests which report about every its step. See the docs in core project for more information about these features and their purpose.
There is an example project , where you may look to allure-reporter in action. For more information about Allure see the allure core project. For more information about Karma see the Karma homepage. Assuming that you have mocha installed, install reporter via npm:. After running tests you will get raw tests result into allure-results directory.
See generator list on how to make a report from raw results. Also check out mocha-allure-example to see it in action. Allure is a test framework which provides more data from tests than usual. Once added mocha-allure-reporter will create global allure object with the following API:.
Result of each call of this function will be recorded into report. Note that it is not then name of the file, actual filename will be generated. If you pass Buffer or String, it will be saved to file immediately.
If you are passing Function, you will get decorated function and you can call it several times to trigger attachment. General purpose of the second case is an ability to create utility function to take screenshot.
You can define function for you test framework only once and then call it each time you need a screenshot. You can also use constants like allure.
See documentation for details. This method is to provide them to Allure. It is similar to addArgument method, but it is designed to store more verbose data, like HTTP-links to test page or used package version. This page describes Allure adaptor usage for Cucumber framework. By default, the Allure XML files from earlier runs are deleted at the start of new run. This can be disabled by:. By default, allure-cucumber will analyze your cucumber tags looking for Test Management, Issue Management, and Severity hooks.
These hooks will be displayed in the generated allure report see allure-core for further info. You can also attach screenshots , logs or test data to steps. This adapter only generates XML files containing information about tests. See wiki section on how to generate report. Adaptor to use the Allure framework along with the RSpec. See an example project to take a quick tour. You can specify the directory where the Allure test results will appear.
This an official PHPUnit adapter for Allure Framework - a flexible, lightweight and multi-language framework for writing self-documenting tests. The main purpose of this adapter is to accumulate information about your tests and write it out to a set of XML files: one for each test class.
Then you can use a standalone command line tool or a plugin for popular continuous integration systems to generate an HTML page showing your tests in a good form. Note: this adapter supports Allure 1. In order to use this adapter you need to add a new dependency to your composer. This folder will contain generated XML files.
See framework help for details about how to generate report from XML files. By default generated report will only show a limited set of information but you can use cool Allure features by adding a minimum of test code changes. Read next section for details. This adapter comes with a set of PHP annotations and traits allowing to use main Allure features. In order to add such title to any test class or test case method you need to annotate it with Title annotation:. Similarly you can add detailed description for each test class and test method.
To add such description simply use Description annotation:. Description can be added in plain text, HTML or Markdown format - simply assign different type value. In order to add information about test method parameters you should use Parameter annotation:. You will then be able to filter tests by specified features and stories in generated Allure report. If you wish to attach some files generated during PHPUnit run screenshots, log files, dumps and so on to report - then you need to use AttachmentSupport trait in your test class:.
In order to create an attachment simply call AttachmentSupport::addAttachment method. This method accepts attachment type, human-readable name and a string either storing full path to the file we need to attach or file contents. Allure framework also supports very useful feature called steps. Consider a test method which has complex logic inside and several assertions. Allure steps allow to divide test method logic into several isolated pieces having independent run statuses such as passed or failed.
This allows to have much more cleaner understanding of what really happens. In order to use steps simply import StepSupport trait in your test class:. The entire test method execution status will depend on every step but information about steps status will be stored separately.
This is an official Codeception adapter for Allure Framework. To enable this adapter in Codeception tests simply put it in "enabled" extensions section of codeception. It is set to false by default. You can traverse up using.. See respective PHPUnit section. Allure NuGet package. Allure SpecFlow wiki. Add [AllureNUnit] attribute to test clases where you want to use Allure.
Run tests with any test runner. Generated Allure reports will appear in directory you configured with AllureConfig.
Allure CSharp. Allure SpecFlow. Download NUnit 2. Download latest release from allure-nunit2 releases for corresponding version version specified in parentheses ;. NET 4. You can also specify in configuration whether you want to take screenshots after failed tests and whether you want to have test output to be written to attachments. Article about configuring the adapter.
Allure CSharp New. Because MSTest does not have an extension or hook mechanism this adapter cannot run as part of MSTest but instead it converts the resulting trx file to the xml format expected by allure. If '[output target dir]' is missing the reslts are saved in the current directory in a folder named 'results'. This will generate the xml files from which the allure report can be created based upon the 'sample.
This will generate the xml files from which the allure report can be created in a folder named 'output-xmls' based upon the 'sample. To generate a report using allure-cli :. This adapter allows to retrieve test execution data from ScalaTest framework and convert it to the form suitable for Allure report generation.
In order to use this adapter you need to have JDK 1. To enabled adapter simply add the following dependency to build. You need to create sonatype. This adapter allows to retrieve test execution data from Specs framework and convert it to the form suitable for Allure report generation.
Once the XML files have been created by the adapter, you can generate an Allure report using one of the following tools. You have to manually install Java 1.
After installation you will have allure command available. Read more about Allure Homebrew Formula. Supported distributions are: Trusty and Precise. Read more about Allure Debian Package. Use allure. The report will be generated to allure-report folder.
You can change the destination folder using -o flag:. If you want to remove the generated report data use allure report clean command. By default the report commands will looking for the report in allure-results folder.
If you are want to use the report from different location you can use -o option. Note that unlike to previous versions Jenkins Allure Plugin since 2. Install the latest version of Allure Plugin from "Plugin Manager" page.
Go to the Maven Central page , click the latest released version, and download the allure-commandline-[version]. Fill the name and download url. Ensure that your build generates some data in one of the formats digestible for Allure Commandline tool. Currently all versions of Allure support setting of url patterns to make direct links to your TMS or bug-tracker available from the report.
Learn more about this integrations link-[here] It may be done by setting special system properties:. Currently it is strictly NOT recommend to modify this value. You will lose the previous history information when change this value. When build is finished a link to Allure report will appear on the build page and also in the build history entries:. Generated Allure report is stored in the artifacts folder of the build and can be processed the same way as all the other artifacts, or downloaded as.
Allure since version 2 supports history for tests in the report [Learn more about History plugin]. At the moment history entry for test case stores information about up to 5 previous results. The job-dsl-plugin allows the programmatic creation of projects using a DSL. To add Allure report generation from pipeline steps one can use Pipeline Syntax builder to generate Allure step code. Note, that commandline parameter points to Allure Commandline installation name to use, if it is not provided, plugin will pick first suitable installation found automatically.
Install Allure TeamCity plugin. Download the latest allure-commandline-x. No server restart needed for this step. Ensure that your build generates Allure XML files. In case you upgrading the Allure TeamCity plugin you need to remove old Allure report generation feature.
When the build is done you will get Allure Report as a part of build artifacts — simply open the index. Allure Bamboo Plugin will add the new executable server capability upon the installation. However you may decide to change the Allure version or to have multiple versions of Allure executable. To define a new executable capability with using the extraction directory, you need to open "Executables" admin menu item and then select "add an executable as a server capability" link in the description.
You need to select "Allure Report" as a capability type. Executable label defines the version of Allure executable, that will be downloaded automatically. Version should be set at the end of the label name e.
Configure "Allure local storage" if necessary. This defines a directory where built Allure reports will be stored. Please note that Allure Bamboo Plugin stores reports on a same filesystem where Bamboo server is running, and it does not clean the directory automatically.
So you might need to configure the removal of the old reports manually. You may decide to enable Allure Bamboo Plugin for all of your builds. In this case it will be trying to build a report for every failed build in your Bamboo instance by default. You can select different versions of Allure executable on per-plan basis. You may decide to build reports for the failed builds only by checking the respective checkbox.
If your build plan produces many different types of the artifacts, you may want to select the specific name of the artifact with the Allure results, which Allure Bamboo plugin will use by typing it in "Artifact name to use" textbox. The most common name for this is "allure-results".
Ensure that your build generates Allure result files. Also you should configure the Allure artifacts to be collected by each job. Just add the following artifact definition to the job:. For each correctly configured plan you should be able to see the "Allure Report" tab in the results:. However you can enable this feature by adding "-Dbamboo. This will give you the ability to configure artifact handlers using "Artifact handlers" admin menu item and allow to configure AWS S3 as a primary storage for all of your artifacts including built Allure reports.
If a report has been generated successfully, but later has been removed, you should see the empty report tab. If something went wrong during the Allure report generation, you should see the exception in the Allure tab. This is the important information if you decide to raise an issue in allure-bamboo issue tracker:. Codefresh stores all Allure reports in cloud storage. First go to your Account Configuration, by clicking on Account Settings on the left sidebar. On the first section called Integrations scroll down to Cloud Storage:.
Click the configure button and in the following screen enter your cloud settings according to your cloud provider. Make sure that you note down your bucket name as it will be used later in the pipeline definition. Codefresh offers a plugin that can create your reports. The plugin is just inserted on any Codefresh pipeline and by default looks for test results in allure-results. Once you run your pipeline a new Test report button will appear next to each build. Click on it and you will see your Allure reports.
More details can be found on the documentation page. Codefresh will automatically keep the results from your previous builds in the cloud storage. There is no configuration needed for this behavior.
You will see historical trends in your Allure results as you run more builds. Allure plugin for Gradle allows integration of Allure listeners into TestNG, Junit4, Cucumber JVM and Spock frameworks in your Gradle-based projects, and also provides several tasks for building a single-project or multi-project report. Plugin is able to use Gradle integration for Junit4 and TestNG, so in case you are using one of this frameworks, configuration will look very simple:.
Here you will need only two parameters: autoconfigure - it is a flag that enables framework detection. If you enable it, plugin will automatically add the right listener and a dependency for aspectjweaver runtime agent and version - parameter that specifies the Allure Commandline to download and build a report with.
So if you only want to create results for further processing, omit the version parameter. Here aspectjweaver flag is used to add a corresponding dependency for runtime agent to your project, and useSpock configures a version for Allure Spock adaptor dependency.
String version - specify report generator version, note, this property is necessary to enable allure and aggregatedAllureReport tasks. String downloadLink - custom location of Allure distribution to download from, by default allure is downloaded from bintray by specified version and installed into. String version - Allure Commandline version, will attempt to discover an installation of commandline with this version in the. So to generate an Allure report for a multi-module project you will have to define your own allureAggregatedReport task, for example:.
Downloads Allure Commandline from provided url and saves it into. String src - url specifying download location for Allure Commandline. String version - version parameter is needed to find the right version of Allure in the downloaded archive.
File dest - destination folder to install downloaded Allure Commandline. String version - version to discover Allure Commandline installation in the. By default serve task is configured by plugin for a single-module report and when executed will open it in the default browser. Put allure.
Both compile class path and test class path are supported. Since 2. Allure is extracted and placed into the. You can specify your own url for the download, or you can specify a file path using the system property allure. The path to Allure results directory.
In general it is the directory created by allure adaptor and contains allure files and attachments. This path can be relative from the build directory for maven it is the target directory or absolute absolute only for report mojo. Report will be generated into temp folder. Web server with results will start. You can additionally configure the server timeout. The default value is "" one hour.
Allure is designed to be highly customizable, because practice shows that many teams across the world may have different metrics, or may have developed unique approaches for testing, their products might demand something completely different to the initial requirements Allure was built to comply.
To deal with this kinds of challenges Allure has a plugin system, that gives a lot of flexibility to the report representation.
To be precise, all of the basic functionality is modularized into plugins, and it would be too lengthy to list them all here. But nearly every feature described in the features section [link to allure features section] is implemented internally as a plugin. Reader allows to implement a readResults method, which defines the logic of reading results with ResultsVisitor instance from the directory with test results. Aggregator allows to implement aggregate method, which defines the logic of aggregating processed results across all the results folders, and write resulting data to the report directory.
Widget this interface allows to implement getData method which again defines the logic of processed results aggregation but this time resulting data is saved into the widget.
Front-end side of the Allure is built using BackboneJS framework. So some basic understanding of its internal mechanisms may sometimes be necessary. Api is accessible from the allure. In the tab example above you have to wrap strings in the template in this function call to enable string translation to be picked up from the global registry.
See more in the docs for i18next. Api provides you with a base class for a widget at allure. WidgetStatusView , which we will examine later in the Behaviors plugin section. But you may design a widget for your own needs extending from Backbone. View , just keep in mind that this widget definition is designed to pop up the data to fill the Model for this View from the widgets.
Position can be one of this values: tag , after or before. To understand what kind of information you may attach to the test case page, jump to the section with related features [jump to the features list]. Java classes that process the report data and produce some results in the report folder. This file contains directives in human-readable format that plugin loader will further use to locate resources and connect the plugin.
To be able to use the API you should simply download the allure-plugin-api dependency from the jcenter repository. To do so add to your project build script:.
We are preparing to write a fully-fledged new plugin that adds a new tab with some test results representation and creates a widget to place on Overview tab with some digested data. We should start with writing a Java class that implements Aggregator and Widget interfaces. In aggregate method, data that is extracted from test results in the extractData method is written to the myplugindata. To create a proper. This data will be displayed on the new tab.
Your plugins may require to share some common utilities that would be wise to make available in on-demand manner. A quick example of such an utility class would be JacksonContext , which can be used to obtain a mapper to serialize Java objects with data into the report JSON files. Then, from a plugin class it can be accessed from Configuration instance as in the Step 2.
Here we switch to the front-end side of the Allure report and start with adding some JavaScript code to the index. This object will contain the data from the file, specified in the url. It is provided in the global allure object:. In MyLayout class you can override a getContentView method to define some other View class that will manage the contents of your tab.
Below is some simplistic implementation of the View class, template is some template function that returns html template with added data. To create a new widget you need to implement a small View class that manages data that you put into widgets. Note, that if you return the data from getData as a collection, it will subsequently be provided to the widget as an array, that can be obtained as this.
In the code below template function defines the actual html to be displayed in the widget. In templates you need to substitute plain text strings for placeholders and use translate function, and also you need to register translations via addTranslation. With addTestcaseBlock method you can define a View that you can assume will have a test case object as a Model available at this. When you build a plugin, you should come up with the following structure, which then can be copied into plugins folder of the commandline distribution.
Here is a template of gradle build script for a plugin project that uses Java Library Distribution Plugin to package plugin classes and copy files and dependencies into one. Here in plugins folder plugins distributions to use at the report generation reside. By default several plugins are already added to the Allure. In this file, under the section plugins plugin folders to use are listed, so its contents should look like this:. Several important Allure features are implemented as decoupled plugins that are stored independently under the plugins folder of Allure Commandline distribution.
Their usage can be managed by build profiles functionality jump to the link to the section [Commandline configuration]. In this section we will quickly examine a plugin available in the Allure distribution which allows you to change a logo picture shown in the upper-left corner of the report.
Behaviors plugin is created to support behavior-driven approach in testing with Allure report. Test cases should have Feature and Story labels, that plugin will aggregate and create a widget showing statistics of stories results per every feature, and a new tab, where all test results are grouped by their features and stories.
In Java-based adaptors you can mark your tests with Feature and Story annotations. In JS-based adaptors you can use allure. Once your tests are properly labeled, you can start using Behaviors plugin right away since it is included in Allure distribution by default. You can find plugin sources in the plugins folder of the Allure 2 project. This plugin creates a different representation for the test results tree, that is why its BehaviorsPlugin class inherits from a base class providing tree aggregation - AbstractTreeAggregator and implements a Widget interface to prepare the data for a widget on the Overview report dashboard.
This groups will determine a placement for every TestResult when building a tree of regrouped results to store in the behaviors. Another part of BehaviorsPlugin class is a getData method that comprises implementation of Widget interface.
This method prepares aggregated information on amount of passed stories per every feature, that will be put into the widget. After that, in the index. Note a special TreeLayout component that can be used for displaying all types of data, produced by implementations of AbstractTreeAggregator.
Also, a route attribute defines a pattern for links to the test case pages. Junit plugin works without a front-end part, it is created to enable Allure generator to process junit report xml format into the Allure test results, this plugin is enabled by default, so when you use allure generate command for a folder with junit test results, a report will be generated.
Allure Framework Table of Contents. About 1. Get Help There are several places to get help:. How to Proceed Open the demo version to see what an Allure report looks like. Get Started To generate your first report you will need to go through just a few simple steps:.
Downloading and installing Allure commandline application suitable for your environment. Locating test execution data that you have to build a report on. Installing a commandline Several options for Allure installation are currently supported:. Linux For debian-based repositories a PPA is provided:. Windows For Windows, Allure is available from the Scoop commandline-installer.
To install Allure, download and install Scoop and then execute in the Powershell:. This will check for newer versions of Allure, and update the manifest file. Then execute. Manual installation Download the latest version as zip archive from Maven Central. Unpack the archive to allure-commandline directory. Navigate to bin directory. Add allure to system PATH. To run commandline application, Java Runtime Environment must be installed.
Check the installation Execute allure --version in console to make sure that allure is now available:. Report generation This is already enough to see the Allure report in one command:. Overview page Entry point for every report would be the 'Overview' page with dashboards and widgets:.
Statistics - overall report statistics. Behaviors - information on results aggregated according to stories and features. Executors - information on test executors that were used to run the tests. Categories Categories tab gives you the way to create custom defects classification to apply for test results. Suites On the Suites tab a standard structural representation of executed tests, grouped by suites and classes can be found.
Graphs Graphs allow you to see different statistics collected from the test data: statuses breakdown or severity and duration diagrams. Timeline Timeline tab visualizes retrospective of tests execution, allure adaptors collect precise timings of tests, and here on this tab they are arranged accordingly to their sequential or parallel timing structure. Behaviors For Behavior-driven approach, this tab groups test results according to Epic, Feature and Story tags.
Packages Packages tab represents a tree-like layout of test results, grouped by different packages. Test case page From some of the results overview pages described above you can go to the test case page after clicking on the individual tests. Features This section describes the main features of Allure. Flaky tests In real life not all of your tests are stable and always green or always red. Environment To add information to Environment widget just create environment.
Categories There are two categories of defects by default:. Product defects failed tests Test defects broken tests. Default ["failed", "broken", "passed", "skipped", "unknown"] 3 optional regex pattern to check test error message. Default ". Java 5. Installation The latest available version of allure-junit4 :.
Maven Add the following to your pom. Gradle For Gradle users, the allure-gradle plugin is available. Features Java annotations and traits are available to use the main Allure features.
DisplayName In order to add a human-readable name to any test method, annotate it with DisplayName annotation:. Test ; import io. Description Similarly you can add detailed description for each test method. Steps Steps are any actions that constitute a testing scenario.
Step ; Attachments An attachment in Java code is simply a method annotated with Attachment that returns either a String or byte[] , which should be added to the report:.
Attachment ; Allure ; If return type in a method annotated with Attachment differs from String or byte[] we call toString on return value to get attachment contents. Links ou can link your tests to some resources such as TMS test management system or bug tracker. Link ; import io. Issue ; import io. Severity Severity annotation is used in order to prioritize test methods by severity:. Severity ; import io. Behaviours Mapping In some development approaches tests are classified by Features and Stories.
Epic ; import io. Feature ; import io. Installation The latest available version of allure-junit5 :. DisplayName DisplayName annotation has been removed. TestNG 5. Installation The available latest version of allure-testng :. Maven You need to add the following to your pom. Features This adapter comes with a set of Java annotations and traits allowing to use main Allure features. DisplayName In order to add human-readable name to any test method you need to use description property of Test annotation:.
Cucumber JVM 5. Maven Simply add allure-cucumber4-jvm plugin as a dependency to your project and add it to CucumberOptions:. Features This adapter provides runtime integration allowing conversion of Gherkin dsl features into basic Allure features. Display Name Titles for tests and suites are extracted at runtime from. Steps All scenario steps are automatically translated into allure steps.
Test markers Every Feature or Scenario can be annotated by following tags: flaky , muted , known. The Allure of Machinic Life. How is it that, half a century after Brown v. Board of Education, educational opportunities remain so unequal for black and white students, not to mention poor and wealthy ones?
Ryan answers this question by tracing the fortunes of two schools in Richmond, Virginia--one in the city and the other in the suburbs. Ryan shows how court rulings in the s, limiting the scope of desegregation, laid the groundwork for the sharp disparities between urban and suburban public schools that persist to this day. The Supreme Court, in accord with the wishes of the Nixon administration, allowed the suburbs to lock nonresidents out of their school systems.
City schools, whose student bodies were becoming increasingly poor and black, simply received more funding, a measure that has proven largely ineffective, while the independence and superiority of suburban schools remained sacrosanct. Weaving together court opinions, social science research, and compelling interviews with students, teachers, and principals, Ryan explains why all the major education reforms since the s--including school finance litigation, school choice, and the No Child Left Behind Act--have failed to bridge the gap between urban and suburban schools and have unintentionally entrenched segregation by race and class.
As long as that segregation continues, Ryan forcefully argues, so too will educational inequality. Ryan closes by suggesting innovative ways to promote school integration, which would take advantage of unprecedented demographic shifts and an embrace of diversity among young adults.
Exhaustively researched and elegantly written by one of the nation's leading education law scholars, Five Miles Away, A World Apart ties together, like no other book, a half-century's worth of education law and politics into a coherent, if disturbing, whole.
It will be of interest to anyone who has ever wondered why our schools are so unequal and whether there is anything to be done about it. In English Language Learners and the New Standards, three leading scholars present a clear vision and practical suggestions for helping teachers engage ELL students in simultaneously learning subject-area content, analytical practices, and language.
This process requires three important shifts in our perspective on language and language learning—from an individual activity to a socially engaged activity; from a linear process aimed at correctness and fluency, to a developmental process, focused on comprehension and communication; and from a separate area of instruction to an approach that embeds language development in subject-area activities.
In English Language Learners and the New Standards, the authors: Clarify the skills and knowledge teachers need to integrate content knowledge and language development Show how teachers can integrate formative assessment in ongoing teaching and learning Discuss key leverage points and stress points in using interim and summative assessments with ELLs Provide classroom vignettes illustrating key practices Finally, the authors explain the theories and research that underlie their vision and examine the role of policy in shaping pedagogy and assessment for ELL students.
While combing through two-hundred-year-old judicial records from the Archives of the Bastille, historian Farge was struck by the extraordinarily intimate portrayal they provided of the lives of the poor in pre-Revolutionary France, especially women. She was seduced by the sensuality of old manuscripts and by the revelatory power of voices otherwise lost.
In The Allure of the Archives, she conveys the exhilaration of uncovering hidden secrets and the thrill of venturing into new dimensions of the past. Lily, you predictable perv. As of tomorrow, I'll be the new executive assistant at Lorena Lefray Designs.
I am SO excited, but there's one itty bitty problem: I won't be Lorena's assistant. I'll be working for her older brother, Julian. I know what you're thinking- ""But Jo, what's the problem? Keep scrolling Do you see those dimples? Lord, help us all XO, Jo. Why screens in schools—from film screenings to instructional television to personal computers—did not bring about the educational revolution promised by reformers.
Long before Chromebook giveaways and remote learning, screen media technologies were enthusiastically promoted by American education reformers. Again and again, as schools deployed film screenings, television programs, and computer games, screen-based learning was touted as a cure for all educational ills.
But the transformation promised by advocates for screens in schools never happened. In this book, Victoria Cain chronicles important episodes in the history of educational technology, as reformers, technocrats, public television producers, and computer scientists tried to harness the power of screen-based media to shape successive generations of students.
Cain describes how, beginning in the s, champions of educational technology saw screens in schools as essential tools for training citizens, and presented films to that end. Among the films screened for educational purposes was the notoriously racist Birth of a Nation. In the s and s, both technocrats and leftist educators turned to screens to prepare young Americans for Cold War citizenship, and from the s through the s, as commercial television and personal computers arrived in classrooms, screens in schools represented an increasingly privatized vision of schooling and civic engagement.
Cain argues that the story of screens in schools is not simply about efforts to develop the right technological tools; rather, it reflects ongoing tensions over citizenship, racial politics, private funding, and distrust of teachers. Ultimately, she shows that the technologies that reformers had envisioned as improving education and training students in civic participation in fact deepened educational inequities.
Did you know that year-old Frank Sinatra had an affair with year-old Tuesday Weld? And that Elvis started dating Priscilla when she was 14? The Allure of Nymphets chronicles famous and infamous age-discrepant relationships from Emperor Augustus to Woody Allen and man's fascination with very young women i. The book, conceptualized and promoted by Pitti Immagine, contains a striking selection of images and texts with different, detailed and complementary approaches to the theme by scholars, writers and journalists.
The Futures of School Reform represents the culminating work of a three-year discussion among national education leaders convened by the Harvard Graduate School of Education.
Based on the recognition that current education reform efforts have reached their limits, the volume maps out a variety of bold visions that push the boundaries of our current thinking. Taken together, these visions identify the leverage points for generating dramatic change and highlight critical trade-offs among different courses of action. History has tended to measure war's winners and losers in terms of its major engagements, battles in which the result was so clear-cut that they could be considered "decisive.
But these legendary battles may or may not have determined the final outcome of the wars in which they were fought. Nor has the "genius" of the so-called Great Captains - from Alexander the Great to Frederick the Great and Napoleon - play a major role.
Wars are decided in other ways. Cathal J. Nolan's The Allure of Battle systematically and engrossingly examines the great battles, tracing what he calls "short-war thinking," the hope that victory might be swift and wars brief.
As he proves persuasively, however, such has almost never been the case. Even the major engagements have mainly contributed to victory or defeat by accelerating the erosion of the other side's defences. Nolan's masterful book places battles squarely and mercilessly within the context of the wider conflict in which they took place.
In the process it help corrects a distorted view of battle's role in war, replacing popular images of the "battles of annihilation" with somber appreciation of the commitments and human sacrifices made throughout centuries of war particularly among the Great Powers. Accessible, provocative, exhaustive, and illuminating, The Allure of Battle will spark fresh debate about the history and conduct of warfare.
Skip to content. The Allure of Order. The Allure of Order Book Review:. The Allure of Destiny. The Allure of Destiny Book Review:. In Search of Deeper Learning.
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